"CENTRAL EUROPE, RHINELAND - MAKIND A LOAM THRESHING FLOOR". After the old loam-floor is removed the ground is covered with dry loam, sprinkled with water and wedged by two cows, which are led across the loam. After that the children of the village compress the loam further playing circle games and the final smoothness of the surface is reached with the use of wooden beaters.

10-062

"CENTRAL EUROPE, RHINELAND - MAKING OF BRICKS AND BUR-NING AN OPEN-AIR KILN". Traditional brickworks: manual manufacturing of bricks in the communal clay pit of a little village. The bricks are hand-moulded, dried and then fired in a clamp using coal-layers as fuel between the bricklayers.

10-063

"TADSHIKIANS (AFGHANISTAN, BADAKHSHAN) - POTTERY ". The film shows women in the pottery village of Kulala, near Zebak (Province of Badaxsan, North-East Afghanistan) coil, form, and fire simple, plain earthenware vessels. The process is completely recorded, from collecting of clay pieces, kneading of the clay, modelling of the vessels, firing and transportation to the area where Kulala pots are used.

10-064

"CENTRAL EUROPE, HOLSTEIN - MAKING HAND-MOULDED BRICKS". The film shows the principal stages of making hand-moulded bricks in the last workshop of this kind in Schleswig-Holsten (in the meantime closed and taken down) at Boostedt near Neumünster: 1. Clayextraction; 2. preparing the clay; 3. moulding the bricks; 4. preparations for baking; 5. baking the bricks; 6. unloading the kiln.

10-065

"DANGELEAT (CENTRAL SUDAN, SOUTH WADAI) - POTTERY: MA-KING A STORAGE VESSEL". Two sisters produce a storage jar: preparation and kneading of the clay, coiling the pot, smoothening and decorating, drying and painting with red slip, pitfiring.

10-066

"BAELE (BIDEYAT)(EAST SAHARA, ENNEDI) - POTTERY: MAKING A WATER JUG". The female potter digs up the clay and transports it in a leather sack to her dwelling. There the clay is filled into a container, mixed with water and left to soak. The modelling of the water jug is done in the chasing technique, paddles of unburnt clay are used for this purpose. Whilst forming, horse dung is added. The neck of the water jug is shaped by adding clay coils. With the help of a small board and a damp cloth the jug is smoothed and finally an ornament is carved onto it. After two days the baking takes place in the pit. Sheep and cattle dung are used for burning material.

10-067

"BAELE (BIDEYAT)(EAST SAHARA, ENNEDI) - BRASS CASTING WITH THE LOST WAX METHOD". A mixture of crushed clay and horse's dung ist mixed with water and kneaded. This pulp is later used to cover the wax model. The original model is formed with wax. It shows the figur of a camel with saddle, intended as a head-decoration. On the wax model a thin coating of clay is first layed on to fill out the fine indentures and then a coat of firmer clay follows. The next day the dried form is heated, the wax melted out. A crucible with metal is fitted through a clay rim on the cast. The cast is heated in the forge. As soon as the metal becomes liquid it is poured from the crucible into the cast. The cooled-off mould is smashed and the finished casting carefully finished.

10-068

"ARABIA, HADRAMAUT - CLAYPREPARING; FORMING AN IBEX". Clay is hacked with a hoe, mixed with water and tempered with sifted donkey-dung. The potter kneads the clay first with his feet, then with his hands. He starts modelling the body of an ibex from a heap of clay. A lump is given the shape of the head and horns and then joined to the body. At the end the tail and ears are worked out.

10-069

"ARABIA, HADRAMAUT - FORMING OF AN INCENSE BURNER FROM CLAY". A lump of clay is given a roughly quadrangular shape. Then the sides are made concave on a vessel which serves as support. The final shaping of the censer is done on a clay disk. A handle is attached. A cog-wheel is used to decorate the censer with geometrical patterns; the decoration of the handle is done with a needle.

10-070

"ARABIA, HADRAMAUT - FORMING AND DECORATING A VESSEL". The potter forms a ball and a roll out of previously prepared clay. On a supporting potsherd the bottom of the container is formed out of the ball and the sides out of the roll. The potter then adds the handle, which he has made out of a second roll; he pierces the opposite side with his finger and forms a spout. 24 hours later he takes away the irregularities with a knife and paints the moistened container with red earth-color (geometrical decorations).

10-071

"ARABIA, HADRAMAUT - MAKING A WATER_PIPE". The potter lays a coil of clay as thick as an arm on a piece of cloth and flattens it to a rectangular shape. By paddling and pulling up he forms the side walls, then he puts a cylindrical smooth piece of wood in the hollow which he has thus formed and overlaps the sides. The joints are smoothened and the piece of wood is removed.

10-072

"BRICKWORKS /BUILDING A WALL". In a garden, a group of brickmakers dig out a part of the fertile earth to make bricks. Water from an irri-gation channel is directed into a ditch where the earth is mixed with clay and chaff. Bricks are made out of this mixture with the help of a wooden frame. After being left to dry for eight hours the bricks are lined up in long rows. Two or three days later they are piled up to be taken away. The building of a wall follows. Near a masonry foundation mortar is made of clay, water and chaff. The mason moistens the foundation and spreads on it a layer of loam. A helper hands him two smoothed claybricks. The building of the wall is done with plummet and plumbline. A coating mixture of clay and chaff is finally added by hand.

10-073

"PRODUCTION OF CLAY MOULDS FOR SILVER SMELTING". A back-carried basket is filled with clay which, at home, is tipped into a wooden mortar, mixed with water, and tempered be means of rice chaff. After pounding, the clay is kneaded by hand and then put over a wooden form, which has the shape of small crucibles for silver; finally airdried.

10-074

"AIBOM (NEW GUINEA, MIDDLE SEPIK) - POTTERY (FRYING PAN, FIRE BOWL, SAGO JAR)". A woman mixes three kinds of clay and produces, by paddling technique, three vessels which are decorated after drying with different ornaments; her husband adds manlike faces. After that the pots are pitfired.

10-075

"AIBOM (NEW GUINEA, MIDDLE SEPIK) - PAINTING A SAGO JAR". The fired sago jar is painted by the husband of the potter. He is using earth colours, which are ground on a stone with a little bit of water (white and black) or mixed with water in a coconutshell (red). He uses a small stick as paint brush, one end of which is reduced to fibres by chewing.

10-076

"AIBOM (NEW GUINEA, MIDDLE SEPIK) - POT MARKET". Aibom has extensive trade connections as a pottery village. At high water times wo-men come from other villages in canoes to Aibom to exchange sago for pots. After the trade-partners have formed two rows facing one another, one row with pots, the other with packets of sago, the women with the sago go to those with the pots and offer it for exchange, usually silently. The visitors then return to their villages loaded with pots.

10-077

"KWAIWUT (NEW GUINEA, MIDDLE SEPIK) - MAKING AND DECO-RATING A SAGO EATING-BOWL". The film shows how a clay dish is being made starting with the digging of the raw material continuing to the firing and painting. A woman builds up the pot using a coiling technique, without any tools other than her hands. To decorate the bowl her husband uses a cutting and scratching technique which differs from genuine chip-carving. The pot is fired in an open fire (bonfire). Subsequently the husband paints the pattern on the conical dish with earth pigments

. 10-078

"ZULU (SOUTH AFRICA, NATAL) - POTTERY: MAKING A STORAGE VESSEL". The last female potter of Mahlabatini-district coils a storage jar: rolling of coils (one foot), forming of a little bowl, adding of coils to the desired height, smoothening of the pot, cutting clean the opening, carving of a zig-zag decoration and pitfiring.

10-079

"SARA-MADJINNGAY (CENTRAL AFRUCA, MIDDLE CHARI) - MAKING A CLAY TOBACCO-PIPE". Two young men make several pipe-bowls from clay. The clay is shaped with the hand, hollowed out and the bowl so formed decorated by engraved dots. A hollow piece of wood is fitted to bowls as a mouthpiece. The bowls are baked in a fire.

10-080

"SARA-NAR (CENTRAL AFRICA, MIDDLE CHARI) - POTTERY: MAKING A WATER VESSEL". A fermale potter makes an egg-shaped water vessel about 50 centimetres high by the coiling method. After shaping, the upper part of the vessel is decorated. The pot is baked in a wood fire. Fi-nally the pottery is rubbed with smouldering leaves to give it a black glaze.

10-081

"SOUTHEAST EUROPE, ROMANIA - MAKING BLACK CERAMIC AT MARGINEA (MOLDAVIA)". In the film the following processes are shown: cutting and dampening the clay, kneading with the feet, shaping the clay balls, modelling and setting down to dry, polishing with a pebble, stowing away in the kiln, firing and removal from the kiln.

10-082

"CENTRAL EUROPE, ALSACE - POTTERY AT OBERBETSCHDORF". The film shows the manufacture of stoneware pottery in the workshop of the Wingerter family at Oberbetschdorf. The pottery is made in three principal stages: mixing of the clay and shaping on the wheel; decoration by incising and painting; salt-firing.

10-083

"CENTRAL EUROPE, ALSACE - POTTERY AT SOUFFLENHEIM". The film about the manufacture of colored pottery (Hafnerware) at Soufflen-heim presents not only the shaping and the decorating of pots but the whole production process carried out in three principial stages: shaping of the clay on the wheel and in moulds; priming of the surface, decorating and glazing; baking of the pots in a gas kiln.

10-084

"ZULU (SOUTH AFRICA, NATAL) - POTTERY: MAKING A DRINKING VESSEL". Clay is fetched and prepared for pottery making. On a small mat the bottom of the drinking-vessel is modelled from a lump of clay, then the wall is built up by coils. The wall is smoothed and ornaments are car-ved on its outer surface. After air-drying for some time, the vessel is baked in a firing-pit.

10-085

"PIRO (EAST PERU, MONTANA) - FORMING A DRINKING-VESSEL FROM CLAY". Matilda, the best potter of the Piro village of Peslu kmihi (spanish name: Bufeo Pozo), is making a drinking vessel. The vessel is built up by the coiling method. The conical pot is then widened and modelled with gourd sherds on its inner and outer surfaces until it is brought into the desired shape of a flatbottom bowl with a convex-concave wall.

10-086

"AIT HADDIDOU (NORTH AFRICA, HIGH ATLAS) - POTTERY: CHA-SING AND COILING TECHNIQUE, THROWING WHEEL". The potter drives a lump of clay over a dusty calotte. After a short drying period work continues on the potter's wheel. Coils are added and then smeared together. Before two handles are added, the potter smooths and decorates the redampened surface of the vessel with a bamboo stick.

10-087

"AIT HADDIDOU (NORTH AFRICA, HIGH ATLAS) - BURNING EAR-THENWARE IN A SHAFT FURNACE". The potter fills the kiln with pots to be fired and covers them with clay fragments. He then splits logs and his wife lights the fire. By feeding and sorting of the burning logs with the fire hook he determines the temperature. Finally he also burns oakum and kindling on the covering layer. After both fires are burned down he tests the temperature on the outside of the furnace for the last time. Removal of the fired pots takes place next day.

10-088

"AIT HADDIDOU (NORTH AFRICA, HIGH ATLAS) - BUILDING A HOUSEWALL OUT OF STAMPED LOAM WITH THE PLANKING TECHNIQUE". An earth worker shovels clay into baskets. Two bearers are transporting them over a ladder to a box type form. A fourth worker empties the baskets and compresses the loam with his feet and a heavy long handled wooden stamper. After filling, the surface of the clay is smoothed by using a piece of wood. Then the seperate parts of the box are moved further. Stern and side boards are placed on cross beams, levelled and held together with cords. Afterwards the filling begins again.

10-089

"MAKIRITARE (VENEZUELA, ORINOCO HEADWATERS REGION)- POTTERY: MAKING A COOKING VESSEL". Among the Makiritare potter's work is done by men. The required clay is obtained by bartering with neighbouring Indian groups. A combination of coiling and modelling is used - the potter's wheel is unknown. The simple cooking vessel is baked for a short time in an open fire.

10-090

"SOUTHWEST EUROPE, PORTUGAL- POTTERY: MAKING JUGS AT MALHARDA SORDA". From a mixture of red and black clay a woman makes several jugs with spout and handles by coiling on a wheel. First she paddles the bottom and then adds coils in spirals. The spouts are manufactured by another woman.